Research on The Immunomodulatory Mechanism of Probiotics

Probiotics can affect homeostasis, inflammation and immunopathology in vivo by directly or indirectly influencing signaling pathways that act as immunosuppressants or activators. Creative Enzymes provides integrated solutions for research on immunomodulatory mechanisms of probiotics, helping clients to better apply and develop strains.

Immunomodulatory Properties of Probiotics

The immunomodulatory activity of probiotics is one of the mechanisms by which they work. The immunomodulatory effect of probiotics has two main mechanisms, namely gene expression in host cells and regulation of signaling pathways. Immunomodulatory effects modulate enzyme activity by directly stimulating resident immune cells in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), leading to macrophage activation and enhanced phagocytosis as well as altering microbial metabolism.

Fig. 1 Mechanisms of action for prebiotic‐mediated immune regulation. (Yousefi, 2019)

Our Services

Creative Enzymes is committed to a comprehensive analysis of the immunomodulatory effects of probiotics from multiple perspectives, including gene expression, protein synthesis, signaling pathways in immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells. Our advanced technology and experience allow us to provide our clients with integrated solutions to elucidate the potential immune mechanisms of action of probiotics.

• Mining of probiotic genes involved in the regulation of host immune response

Macrogenomic analysis has expanded our understanding of the probiotic genes involved in the regulation of the host immune response. Creative Enzymes uses DNA microarrays, comparative genomics and other methods to obtain strain-specific cytokine responses and compare genomic hybridization profiles to identify candidate genes with immunomodulatory ability. Then, bioinformatics tools were used to analyze information on the enzyme systems, population sensing systems, bacteriocin biosynthesis and transport pathways that these genes are involved in encoding. These results were used to elucidate the genetic specificity of immune regulation by different probiotics.

• Analysis of probiotic components that modulate the host immune response

To determine the effectors of probiotic action, we conduct research on the active ingredients of probiotics. We use mass spectrometry and proteomic analysis to reveal the secreted proteins of probiotics and their role in host immune system immunomodulation.

• Research of probiotic-regulated host immune response

The points of interaction with the immune regulation for probiotics include bacteria direct interaction with intestinal epithelial cells, or following internalization by M cells through interaction with dendritic cells and follicle-associated epithelial cells, initiating responses mediated by macrophages and T and B lymphocytes.

• Immune cells

Creative Enzymes uses our science to investigate how probiotics activate innate immunity to stimulate an adaptive immune response. We focused on in vivo animal models to analyze changes in dendritic cells, macrophages, and T and B lymphocytes after oral administration of probiotics to elucidate the signal transduction pathways and gene expression in regulatory epithelial and immune cells.

• Intestinal epithelial cells

Creative Enzymes uses in vitro cell lines and models to study probiotic-regulated intestinal epithelial cell responses, including restoring the damaged epithelial barrier, producing antimicrobial substances and cytoprotective proteins, blocking cytokine-induced intestinal epithelial apoptosis, and regulating intestinal epithelial immune functions such as cytokine production. In addition, our advanced technologies allow an in-depth study of specific intracellular signaling pathways in epithelial cells stimulated by probiotics.

Creative Enzymes is a professional and experienced probiotic supplier and service provider. We are using a multi-technology combination of researches to determine the mechanisms of immunomodulatory action of probiotics, and these findings could serve as a critical pathway for the medical field and human health. To get more information, please contact us and we will be happy to serve your research demands.

Reference

1. Yousefi, B.; et al. Probiotics importance and their immunomodulatory properties. Journal of cellular physiology. 2019, 234(6): 8008-8018.